Several of those OMV-specific transcripts are essential for bacterial virulence. Among these transcripts, 1878 were found in both OMVs and Fp whole cells, whereas 312 transcripts were uniquely expressed in the whole cell, and 168 were OMV-unique transcripts ( Figure 2A). The list of transcripts with their expression values is included in Supplementary File S1. RNA-seq identified 2190 transcripts expressed in the whole cell and 2046 transcripts expressed in OMVs with an RPKM >0.45. ![]() The study provides insights into the potential role of OMVs in host–pathogen interactions and explores microbial genes essential for virulence and pathogenesis. The CWH sequence was conserved in 51 different strains of Fp. Interestingly, a cell wall-associated hydrolase (CWH) gene was the most highly expressed gene in OMVs and among the top upregulated transcripts in susceptible fish. RNA-Seq of the pathogen transcriptome on day 5 post-infection of Fp-resistant versus Fp-susceptible rainbow trout genetic lines revealed differential gene expression of OMV-enriched genes, suggesting a role for the OMVs in shaping the host–microbe interaction. Functional annotation analysis of the OMV-abundant transcripts showed an association with the bacterial translation machinery and histone-like DNA-binding proteins. Of them, 168 transcripts were uniquely identified in OMVs, 312 transcripts were expressed only in the whole cell, and 1878 transcripts were shared in the two sets. RNA-seq identified 2190 transcripts expressed in the whole cell and 2046 transcripts in OMVs. In this study, we used transcriptome sequencing, RNA-seq, to investigate the expression abundance of the protein-coding genes in the Fp OMVs versus the Fp whole cell. ![]() Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contain several virulence factors, enzymes, toxins, and nucleic acids and are expected to play an essential role in host–pathogen interactions. Flavobacterium psychrophilum ( Fp), the causative agent of Bacterial Cold-Water disease in salmonids, causes substantial losses in aquaculture.
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